Assessment of Wave–Current-Induced Liquefaction under Twin Pipelines Using the Coupling Model

Although twin pipelines in series have been used to transport hydrocarbons engineering practice, most previous studies focused on the dynamic response of seabed around a single pipeline. A two-way coupling model fluid–structure–seabed interaction (FSSI) is proposed for study soil and liquefaction caused by waves currents pipelines. The present integrates flow introducing boundary condition velocity continuity addition pressures at surface. Then, inconsistency between physical process numerical simulation can be overcome one-way model. Through simulations, influence different characteristics, properties, pipeline configurations under were explored, compared with results indicate that configuration significantly alters relevant responses configuration, including after-consolidation state, amplitude surface, distribution pore pressure seabed. parametric show amplitudes wave current significant impacts increases increase forward current, while reverse are opposite. In addition, range Hw Tw, decrease Sr ks. At same time, gaps (G) ratio pipe radius (R1/R2) also affect